Civil Courts To Supreme Court

In Pakistan, the judiciary operates at various levels, from civil courts to the Supreme Court. Here is a brief overview of the types of courts:

Civil Courts

1. Civil Judge Courts: These courts handle civil matters such as property disputes, family law cases, and contractual disagreements. They are the first tier in the hierarchy of civil courts.
2. Senior Civil Judge Courts: These are higher than Civil Judge Courts and handle more significant civil cases or appeals from lower civil courts.

Criminal Courts

1. Magistrate Courts: These are the courts of first instance for minor criminal cases. They can be further categorized into First Class, Second Class, and Third Class Magistrates based on the severity of cases they can handle.
2. Sessions Courts: These courts handle serious criminal cases, including those involving severe penalties. They also hear appeals from Magistrate Courts.

Special Courts and Tribunals

1. Anti-Terrorism Courts (ATC): Handle cases related to terrorism and acts of violence.
2. Anti-Narcotics Courts: Deal with cases involving drug trafficking and related offenses.
3. Family Courts: Handle family-related issues such as divorce, child custody, and maintenance.
4. Labour Courts: Deal with labor disputes and issues related to employment laws.
5. Banking Courts: Handle cases related to banking and financial disputes.
6. Consumer Protection Courts: Deal with disputes between consumers and sellers/manufacturers.

High Courts

There are five High Courts in Pakistan, one for each province and one for the Islamabad Capital Territory:

1. Lahore High Court (Punjab)
2. Sindh High Court (Sindh)
3. Peshawar High Court (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
4. Balochistan High Court (Balochistan)
5. Islamabad High Court (Islamabad Capital Territory)

High Courts hear appeals from lower courts and have original jurisdiction in certain cases, such as constitutional matters.

Federal Shariat Court

This court examines and determines whether the laws of the country comply with Islamic injunctions. It can also hear appeals against Hudood cases.

Supreme Court of Pakistan

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country. It has original jurisdiction in inter-governmental disputes, appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal cases, and advisory jurisdiction on legal questions referred to it by the President of Pakistan. It ensures the enforcement of fundamental rights and has the power to review its own judgments.

This hierarchical structure ensures that cases can be escalated through various levels of the judiciary, allowing for comprehensive legal redressal mechanisms. 

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